Martyrs' Day

In India, there are five days declared as Martyrs' Day (at national level also known as Sarvodaya day). They are named in honor of those who are recognized as martyrs for the nation.

30 January is the date observed in the national level. The date was chosen as it marks the assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Ji in 1948, by Nathuram Godse.On Martyr's Day the president, the vice president, the prime minister, the defence minister, and the three Service Chiefs gather at the samadhi at Raj Ghat memorial and lay wreaths decorated with multi-colour flowers. The armed forces personnel blow bugles sounding the Last Post. The inter-services contingent reverse arms as a mark of respect. A two-minute silence in memory of Indian martyrs is observed throughout the country at 11 am. Participants hold all-religion prayers and sing tributes.

The Father of Nation, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse in the Birla House during his evening prayers on 30 January, 1948. Gandhiji was a freedom fighter, a simple man with huge determination, a man who had sacrificed his life for the independence, welfare, and development of India.

Nathuram Godse was trying to justify his crime by holding Gandhiji and saying that he is responsible for the partition of the country and the killing of thousands during the freedom struggle. He called Gandhiji a pretender and in no way felt guilty for his crime. On 8th November, Godse was sentenced to death. So, on this day i.e. 30 January Bapu breathed his last and was martyred. The Government of India announced the day as Shaheed Diwas or Martyr’s Day.

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Saraswati Puja

Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, wisdom, and learning.She is a part of the trinity (Tridevi) of Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Parvati. All the three forms help the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva to create, maintain, and regenerate the Universe, respectively.

The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a goddess is in the Rigveda. She has remained significant as a goddess from the Vedic period through modern times of Hindu traditions.Some Hindus celebrate the festival of Vasant Panchami (the fifth day of spring, and also known as Saraswati Puja and Saraswati Jayanti in so many parts of India) in her honour,and mark the day by helping young children learn how to write the letters of the alphabet on that day.The Goddess is also revered by believers of the Jain religion of west and central India,as well as some Buddhist sects.

Saraswati, is a Sanskrit fusion word of saras (सरस्) meaning "pooling water", but also sometimes translated as "speech"; and vati (वती) meaning "she who possesses". Originally associated with the river or rivers known as Saraswati, this combination, therefore, means "she who has ponds, lakes, and pooling water" or occasionally "she who possesses speech". It is also a Sanskrit composite word of surasa-vati (सुरस-वति) which means "one with plenty of water".

The word Saraswati appears both as a reference to a river and as a significant deity in the Rigveda. In initial passages, the word refers to the Sarasvati River and is mentioned as one among several northwestern Indian rivers such as the Drishadvati. Saraswati, then, connotes a river deity. In Book 2, the Rigveda describes Saraswati as the best of mothers, of rivers, of goddesses.

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Vasant Panchami

Vasant Panchami, also spelled Basant Panchami, is a festival that marks the preliminary preparations for the arrival of spring, celebrated by people in various ways depending upon the region in the Indian subcontinent. The Vasant Panchami also marks the start of preparation for Holika and Holi, which take place forty days later.The Vasant Utsava (festival) on Panchami is celebrated forty days before Spring, because any season's transition period is 40 days, and after that the season comes in to full bloom.

Vasant Panchami is celebrated every year on the fifth day of the bright half of the Hindu luni-solar calendar month of Magha, which typically falls in late January or February. Spring is known as the "King of all Seasons", so the festival commences forty days in advance. (It is generally winter-like in northern India, and more spring-like in central and western parts of India on Vasant Panchami, which gives credence to the fact that Spring is actually in full bloom 40 days after the Vasant Panchami day).The festival is particularly observed by Hindus in the Indian subcontinent, notably India and Nepal, it's also has been a historical tradition of Sikhs as well.In southern states, the same day is called Sri Panchami. On the island of Bali and the Hindus of Indonesia, it is known as "Hari Raya Saraswati" (great day of Saraswati). It also marks the beginning of the 210-day long Balinese Pawukon calendar.

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Republic Day

Republic Day honours the date on which the Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950 replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India.The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent republic. 26 January was chosen as the Republic day because it was on this day in 1929 when Declaration of Indian Independence (Purna Swaraj) was proclaimed by the Indian National Congress as opposed to the Dominion status offered by the British Regime.

India achieved independence from British Raj on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations).India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935.On 29 August 1947, a resolution was moved for the appointment of Drafting Committee, which was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as chairman. While India's Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1947.The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of two years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later which was on 26 January 1950, it came into effect throughout the whole nation. On that day, Dr. Rajendra Prasad's began his first term of office as President of the Indian Union. The Constituent Assembly became the Parliament of India under the transitional provisions of the new Constitution.

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Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945)was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India,but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. The honorific Netaji (Hindustani: "Respected Leader"), first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, was later used throughout India.

Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939.However, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command.He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940.

Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941, where the leadership offered unexpected, if sometimes ambivalent, sympathy for the cause of India's independence, contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities.In November 1941, with German funds, a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000-strong Free India Legion, comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India.By spring 1942, in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities, a German invasion of India became untenable, and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia.Adolf Hitler, during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942, suggested the same, and offered to arrange for a submarine. During this time Bose also became a father; his wife, or companion,Emilie Schenkl, whom he had met in 1934, gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942.Identifying strongly with the Axis powers, and no longer apologetically, Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943.In Madagascar, he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943.

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सृजनगीत

जंजीरों को तोड़-तोड़ जान-जान में ज्योति जलाएँ,
बिखरे मन को जोड़-जोड़ नव जीवन सफल बनाएँ ,
कर संचित समभाव सकल विभावो से राष्ट्र सजाएँ ,
दुःखी न हो कण-कण भारत का सृजन गीत हम गाएँ | दुःखी न हों.......

स्वार्थ रहित अभिमान रहित , निजकार्य निरत हो जाएँ
सबके सुख में सुख के अनुभव की रूचि हम गाएँ
व्यथित व्यथा से यदि समाजहोकरण को दूर भगाएँ
मूलछीनकार सुखी बनाएँ गीत राग का गाएँ | दुखी न हो..........

जब तक निज का भान रहेगा आएँगी बाधाएँ,
पर का भाव उदय होते ही सुख सिंधु लहराएँ ,
सजग-सजग होऐं मेरे संगी , हम मिलकर युक्ति बनाएँ ,
अटल सिंधु की गहराई में , उनको आज डुबाएं | दुखी न हो ........

आज समय की विषम घडी चहुँ और दिखाई देती हैं
जान संकुल में घृणा भाव की विष वल्लरी दिखाई देती हैं
आज जरुरत हैं हम सबको सोऐं मानस को जगाएँ ,
निज सुकर्म की प्रखर धुप से जड़ को शुष्क बनाएँ | दुखी न हो ........

जातिवाद अलगाववाद की ज्वाला धधक रही है
राष्ट्र चेतना बुझी-बुझी सी धुंधली आज हुई हैं
उसकी आभा को लौटाएँ स्वर्णिम अतीत दोहराएं दोहराएं 
परंपरा आधुनितम मिश्रण से हम सजें सजाएँ | दुखी न हो .........

उमड़ पड़े गाँधी की धरा नेताजी के स्वर गूंजे
मातृ भूमि के लाल निराले सिंघनाद सा घोष करे
भगत सिंह की याद शहीदी अपने मानस से लाएँ

आजाद तिलक के मदिर चरित से कण-कण को महकाएँ | दुखी न हो........

मातृ भूमि की गोद कभी लालो के शव को न देखे
बहे कभी न खून यहाँ पर न माँए आंसू बहाएँ
खेत खेत में वैभव बरसे हर्षित फैसले लहराएं
आभाव मुक्त हो सृजित रहें और ह‌र्ष-हर्ष हर्षाएँ | दुखी न हो .......

बहे वसंती हवा यहाँ पर शांतिशीलता‌ आए
मदिर मलय से भीनी-भीनी या तृत्व सरलता लाए 
राम राज्य की ज्योति तले श्रद्धा के हार बनाएं
पहन-पहन भारत के जन-जन को फिर से सजाएं  | दुखी न हो........ 

यदि पथ पर मिल जाएँ गूणी गुण को हम शिस नवाएँ
यदि पथ पर मिल जाएँ श्रमि हर्षित हो गले लगाएँ ,
मैत्री का संचार करे मिल सुख दुःख सुने सुनायें,
व्यास प्रणीत शांति के मार्ग में हम चले चलाएँ |

दुखी न हो कण-कण भारत का सृजन गीत हम गायें | दुखी न हो........ 

-देवी दत्त दीक्षित "व्यथित"

प्र o स्नातक शिक्षक (संस्कृत)

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Anonymous

Anonymous is a decentralized international hacktivist group that is widely known for its various DDoS cyber attacks against several governments, government institutions and government agencies, corporations, and the Church of Scientology.

Anonymous originated in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan representing the concept of many online and offline community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic, digitized global brain.Anonymous members (known as Anons) can be distinguished in public by the wearing of Guy Fawkes masks in the style portrayed in the graphic novel and film V for Vendetta.However, this may not always be the case as some of the collective prefer to instead cover their face without using the well-known mask as a disguise. Some anons also opt to mask their voices through voice changers or text-to-speech programs.

In its early form, the concept was adopted by a decentralized online community acting anonymously in a coordinated manner, usually toward a loosely self-agreed goal and primarily focused on entertainment . Beginning with Project Chanology in 2008—a series of protests, pranks, and hacks targeting the Church of Scientology—the Anonymous collective became increasingly associated with collaborative hacktivism on a number of issues internationally. Individuals claiming to align themselves with Anonymous undertook protests and other actions (including direct action) in retaliation against copyright-focused campaigns by motion picture and recording industry trade associations. Later targets of Anonymous hacktivism included government agencies of the U.S., Israel, Tunisia, Uganda, and others; the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; child pornography sites; copyright protection agencies; the Westboro Baptist Church; and corporations such as PayPal, MasterCard, Visa, and Sony. Anons have publicly supported WikiLeaks and the Occupy movement. Related groups LulzSec and Operation AntiSec carried out cyber attacks on U.S. government agencies, media, video game companies, military contractors, military personnel, and police officers, resulting in the attention of law enforcement to the groups' activities.

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Hacker

A computer hacker is any skilled computer expert that uses their technical knowledge to overcome a problem. While "hacker" can refer to any skilled computer programmer, the term has become associated in popular culture with a "security hacker", someone who, with their technical knowledge, uses bugs or exploits to break into computer systems.

Today, mainstream usage of "hacker" mostly refers to computer criminals, due to the mass media usage of the word since the 1980s. This includes what hacker slang calls "script kiddies", people breaking into computers using programs written by others, with very little knowledge about the way they work. This usage has become so predominant that the general public is largely unaware that different meanings exist. While the self-designation of hobbyists as hackers is generally acknowledged and accepted by computer security hackers, people from the programming subculture consider the computer intrusion related usage incorrect, and emphasize the difference between the two by calling security breakers "crackers" (analogous to a safecracker).

The controversy is usually based on the assertion that the term originally meant someone messing about with something in a positive sense, that is, using playful cleverness to achieve a goal. But then, it is supposed, the meaning of the term shifted over the decades and came to refer to computer criminals.

As the security-related usage has spread more widely, the original meaning has become less known. In popular usage and in the media, "computer intruders" or "computer criminals" is the exclusive meaning of the word today. (For example, "An Internet 'hacker' broke through state government security systems in March.") In the computer enthusiast (Hacker Culture) community, the primary meaning is a complimentary description for a particularly brilliant programmer or technical expert. (For example, "Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, is considered by some to be a hacker.") A large segment of the technical community insist the latter is the "correct" usage of the word (see the Jargon File definition below).

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National Youth Day

National Youth Day is celebrated on 12 January being the birthday of Swami Vivekananda. In 1984 the Government of India declared this day as National Youth Day and since from 1985 the event is celebrated in India every year.It was a decision of Government of India taken in 1984 to celebrate the birthday of great Swami Vivekananda, i.e. 12 January, as National Youth Day every year. The Government of India quoted that ' the philosophy of Swamiji and the ideals for which he lived and worked could be a great source of inspiration for the Indian Youth Day.'On 12 January 2013, Former Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh told in his address at the inauguration of four-year-long celebrations of Swami Vivekananda's 150th birth anniversary.

What Gandhiji said captures the great importance of spreading Swami Vivekananda's ideas and ideals among the youth in our country today. He personified the eternal energy of the youth and their restless quest for truth. It is entirely fitting that the Government of India has declared 12th January, the birthday of Swami Vivekananda, as National Youth Day. We must work to rekindle the eternal message of this great patriot and son of India.

The National Youth Day is observed all over India at schools and colleges, with processions, speeches, music, youth conventions, seminars, Yogasanas, presentations, competitions in essay-writing, recitations and sports on 12 January every year. Swami Vivekananda's lectures and writings, deriving their inspiration from Indian spiritual tradition and the broad outlook of his Master Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa. These were the source of inspiration and have motivated numerous youth organizations, study circles and service projects involving the youth.

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Windows 11

Windows 11 Release Date Features Concept ISO Microsoft: Windows 11 is the most comprehensive, comprehensive, and modernized operating system in Microsoft’s Windows history. This is a complete rethinking of the concept of Windows, taking into account the negative feedback from users of Windows 11. Windows 11 is a personalized operating system, one for all types of devices from smart phones and tablets to personal computers, with the ability to create multiple desktops and switch between them. Instead of locating the software systems locally on your computer, all the key components are in the cloud storage, which allows for regular updates of both the elements themselves and the cloud.

New / Exquisite Start Button:

The controversy about the disappearance of the start button was a big part of the furor and the noise over Windows 8. There is an assumption that Microsoft can return it in the desktop versions of Windows 11, in a more refined and better way.

Radical reworking of the user interface:

I doubt that 100%. Windows 11 is a soft deployment of Windows 8, the word stress is soft. Microsoft will try to harm this update as little as possible. I believe that there will be no noticeable changes, and nothing aggressive.

Deeper integration with bing:

I believe that is true. Microsoft continues to work with Bing and I think that Windows 11 will not be an exception. There will be many opportunities in the next version of Microsoft Windows to integrate search into the OS.

Deeper integration with Azure for cloud storage:

I hope that Microsoft will continue pushing to use Azure for cloud storage. Microsoft, by the way, can integrate parts of the OS into cloud documents / file storage.

Advanced Power Management:

This is already expected. Microsoft did an excellent job with Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 with power management. Microsoft is expected to make the OS more efficient in newer versions of Windows.

Improved gesture integration:

It will be relevant if Microsoft tries to add gesture recognition to Windows 11. I expect the company to go beyond the initial steps taken in Windows 8.1 (especially in the culinary application). Using computer gestures will be great if they can succeed in this.

Improved security:

I expect enhanced security features in Windows 11, including fingerprint recognition. Microsoft did an excellent job of security, continuing to block Windows with every major release.

Only 64 bits?

This is a long legend. Over the past 6 years, we have made assumptions that Microsoft will switch to an exclusively 64 bit system. I doubt this will happen in this release. Once again I draw your attention to the fact that this will not be a controversial issue, but as smooth as possible, without problems and experiences. At least Microsoft has to hope so.

That’s all there is at the moment, I will continue to update this page as new information becomes available.

What is Cortana in Windows 11?

Windows 11 will get the extension Cortana, a competitor to Siri and Google Now from Microsoft. It will be in all versions of the new, including interactive panels, laptops and tablets. Microsoft’s Joe Belfiore showed off Cortana’s new PC-oriented features during its introduction on January 21.

Cortana will be a digital assistant for easy access to files, applications, and other information.

What are universal Windows 11 applications?

Microsoft is developing special versions for key applications, such as Office, for phones and 8-inch tablets with Windows 11.

Applications such as Word, PowerPoint, Excel and Outlook will look and feel almost identical to their desktop counterparts, but will be optimized for the touch screen and its size. Through the Microsoft cloud infrastructure, all your files will be accessible on these devices, no matter where they were created.

Based on the January 21st event, Microsoft confirmed that the most important component of the universal applications, Office 2016, will be launched in the second half of 2015. This potentially puts Office 2016 ahead of Windows 11 in terms of release.

What is Continuum in Windows 11?

During the January 21 event, Microsoft demonstrated its “continuum” approach to developing Windows 11.

Continuum is designed to adapt Windows to the form factor of the equipment on which it works.

As in the example of Surface Pro 3. When the tablet is connected to an overlay to the keyboard, Surface Pro 3 works like a laptop, which technically it is. Then, as soon as the keyboard is removed, a small icon appears at the bottom right of the screen, asking if you want to activate tablet mode.

This action changes all applications to full screen, which makes the icons a bit larger and allows users to access the initial screen as in Windows 8, but much more updated. As soon as you plug in the keyboard, the device prompts you to return to the original mode.

What is Spartan in Windows 11?

The Spartan project is a new version of Internet Explorer from the company.

Some new features of this new browser:

The ability to tag web pages before sharing them with others. The ability to comment on the same pages at the software level. Embedded offline reading and PDF support

Native Cortana Support and Integration:

Spartan is not a replacement for Internet Explorer, it is a second browser. Microsoft explained that while Spartan will work with the rest of the network, IE11 will be saved for compatibility with previous versions and corporate sites.

Xbox integration with Windows 11:

The application has collected all the games that have ever been played on any Xbox or Windows 11 device, a universal list of friends and an activity tape. Each device with Windows 11 will receive an already installed Xbox application.

Users will be able to record game sessions through Game DVR tools and share them via the Xbox network. In fact, Windows 11 will transfer automated accounting functions to Xbox One for games on Windows 11 – even those that are launched using other applications, such as Steam, for example.

It will also be possible to broadcast any Xbox One game to any Windows 11 device inside the house, using Wi-Fi.

What will the corporate license look like in Windows 11?

As we discussed in detail here, Microsoft has published its plans to promote Windows 11 for corporate users: through the Windows Software Assurance program.

At the same time, this program will offer several ways to upgrade the arsenal of systems to the new OS for corporate users, which means that it is not free for both custom versions of Windows 11.

The SA program is designed to give corporate customers more control over when and how updates are launched in their range of machines. Of course, the idea is to focus on security and IT flexibility with the help of additional long-term service departments that provide security updates and only critical updates, prohibiting updates to new features.

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Morse Code

Morse code is a method used in telecommunication to encode text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal duration, called dots and dashes or dits and dahs. Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph.

The International Morse Code encodes the 26 English letters A through Z, some non-English letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). There is no distinction between upper and lower case letters.Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code transmission. The duration of a dash is three times the duration of a dot. Each dot or dash within a character is followed by period of signal absence, called a space, equal to the dot duration. The letters of a word are separated by a space of duration equal to three dots, and the words are separated by a space equal to seven dots.To increase the efficiency of encoding, Morse code was designed so that the length of each symbol is approximately inverse to the frequency of occurrence in text of the English language character that it represents. Thus the most common letter in English, the letter "E", has the shortest code: a single dot. Because the Morse code elements are specified by proportion rather than specific time duration, the code is usually transmitted at the highest rate that the receiver is capable of decoding. The Morse code transmission rate (speed) is specified in groups per minute, commonly referred to as words per minute.

Morse code is usually transmitted by on-off keying of an information-carrying medium such as electric current, radio waves, visible light, or sound waves.The current or wave is present during the time period of the dot or dash and absent during the time between dots and dashes.

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Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti

Guru Gobind Singh (5 January 1666 – 7 October 1708),born Gobind Rai, was the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was beheaded for refusing to convert to Islam,Guru Gobind Singh was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs at age nine, becoming the tenth Sikh Guru.His four sons died during his lifetime – two in battle, two executed by the Mughal army.

Among his notable contributions to Sikhism are founding the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699 and introducing the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the Dasam Granth whose hymns are a sacred part of Sikh prayers and Khalsa rituals.He is also credited as the one who finalized and enshrined the Guru Granth Sahib as Sikhism's primary scripture and eternal Guru.

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